Pros and Cons of Nuclear Power Essay Example for Free

Pros and Cons of thermo thermo atomic Power EssayThe departure and development of the enormous pushing potential locked in the atomic nucleus horse sense a key revolution in scientific research in the 20th century. With great potential and optimism of developing a pollution free measureless supply of energy, nuclear technology was ushered into the 21st century where it has become embroiled in unending debates. nuclear power is a clean source of energy, the lovesome material is sustainable and the order of power output is extremely large and efficient.Opponents have been quick to recount the costs of initial investment, the risks and safety loopholes and the to a greater extent awful proliferation of nuclear weapons as the major detriments to exploitation of nuclear energy. This paper offers a succinct and sensible analysis on the cons and pros of nuclear power exploitation and the potentialities that go in the future exploitation of nuclear power. With genuine interest and adherence to rigorous and stringent constraints, safety in design and construction and global informed decision making, the setbacks to nuclear exploitation passel be tellingly ameliorated.In classical thermodynamics, energy is the capacity or ability to do work. Practically, energy is the major driving force of development in post modern civilizations. Energy is the main ingredient to economic, social and political prosperity. Gradual increases in demands of energy for take purposes has put a strain on non renewable sources of energy such as fogey fuels the most predominant sources of energy(Richardson, 1996).Decreases in oil, natural gas and burn reserves have prompted a paradigm shift to other forms of energy such as wind energy, solar energy and nuclear power to military service replenish energy shortages as well as create a reserve for growing industrial energy demand(Nersesian, 2007). Increasing global energy demands and environmental pollution coupled with the pros pect of declining and all the sametual depletion of non renewable energy resources is the sustainable incentive towards to exploitation of a clean, more efficient and sustainable energy antecedent to meet the global demand.Even though solar energy and wind energy present a cleaner more sustainable energy option, the magnitude of global energy demand rat only be offset by nuclear power performance(Conant, 1979). In simple terms it takes a accepted amount of energy to make another form of energy. Combustion of oil produces a certain amount of energy that is much higher than when coal undergoes combustion. atomic energy consumes the least amount of fuel energy to release a huge out put of electricity(Nersesian, 2007).This makes nuclear power the most cost effective form of power production and it does not contribute to environmental pollution so long as the nuclear waste is disposed off correspond to compliance standards, the risk of radiative exposure is reduces through install ation of credential measures(Dell et al, 2004). In this era of climate change and global warming, nuclear power a commonalty energy source is a godsend necessary to limit and considerably reduce the release of green place gases and other toxic elements into the atmosphere and the ozone layer.In 1977, the Kyoto Protocol negotiated by the Framework Convention on Climate Change(FCCC) agreed in principle to institute steps aimed at the reduction of green house gases. The center piece of such a resolution undoubtedly rested on the transformation from non renewable sources of energy to renewable sources of energy. Only fission, wind solar, de b miserableized fossil fuels, wind and bio down have the capacity to provide a steady supply of carbon free energy. To a large extent only fission energy is commercially feasible and cost effective, the other have significant economic and technical handicaps.Nuclear energy remains the only viable option that can be fully exploited to reduce green house gas emissions to near minimum emissions while maintaining a reliable and consistent supply of carbon free electric energy supply to meet the world energy demand(B. forefront der Zwaan et al, 1999). Apart from the initial capital investments concern in construction, monitoring, insurance and decommission, nuclear power production is relatively inexpensive. Uranium the raw material in nuclear reactors is less expensive than any form of fossil fuel.Because subsequent production costs ar reduced, nuclear power is a less expensive source of electricity. The magnitude of energy produced makes it more reliable and consistent energy source. other sources of renewable energy supply are so limited as to be of very little economic benefit. For this reason countries are extending the lifespan of aged(a) nuclear reactors while constructing new ones. This has led to a progressive reduction in the costs incurred in nuclear energy production.There are more specific reasons that attest to this trend. Countries have succeeded in developing and adopting a more superior choice of nuclear technology, efficiency in construction and operation management, low costs of decommissioning in the United States and Western Europe have ensured that green technologies like nuclear power become the future global energy solution(Griffin, 2003). despite cosmos one of the most efficient energy production technology, nuclear power production is plagued by a myriad of issues.Some of these issues are ,specific in nature but a majority are basically non specific and are manly driven by lack of adequate technical and scientific know how or even fear . Specific issues revolve around licensing regulations and safety. Safety concerns are ideally resolvable and include fatigue of the piping transcription in much older plants, fire protection system, issues that concern the degradation of the reactor pressure vessel as a result of neutron irradiation.Those opposed to the grammatical construct ion of more nuclear power plants advocate for an uprating of the power output of those plants that are currently in operation(Angelo, 2004). Global terrorism is putting more strain on the regulation of nuclear production for fear of proliferation of nuclear weapons in unstable states and the acquisition of nuclear production knowledge by extremists , fundamentalists and terrorists or suicidal fanaticism(B. van der Zwaan et al, 1999). However, such fears are obviated by the defense in depth philosophy employed in the design and construction of nuclear power production facilities.Nuclear plants are primarily designed to protect the public from radiation exposure. For terrorists to attack such plants then it would mean that their primary aim is not to cause mass civilian deaths but sabotage the power production. Moreover, these facilities have a vehicle barrier systems designed to deter against truck bombs. Advanced security systems cordon off limit areas from any form of intrusion or unauthorized entry. Nuclear facilities are immune and more resistant to aerial attacks than any other civilian security or energy installation.After the September 11 attacks, the United States government installed additional protection measures and carried out studies to determine the extent of change to a nuclear plant should it be struck by a large aircraft as in the World Trade Center attacks. Results affirmed that no considerable damage was envisioned because such an explosion would not be able to penetrate and affect the nuclear fuel or even penetrate into the nuclear adeptness to cause any radiation release(Angelo, 2004 US National Energy Council, 2003).Nuclear accidents and safety issues have remained to be the most pressing, highly visible issues because accidents generally release nuclear radiations that affect the general public. Nuclear facilities are required to completely prevent radioactive release into the environment. Fear of potential exposure to radiations is st ill being propelled by two notable nuclear reactor accidents. In 1979, the Mile Island accident in the United States caused severe destruction to the facility although no foreign human or environmental health was recorded.This was only possible because the reactor had installed a safety containment vessel. In 1986, the Chernobyl nuclear plant in Ukraine accident caused portentous human and environmental effects. Lack of a safety containment vessel, glaring human errors and poor reactor design was to blame for the extent of the destruction. 31 employees and emergency reception personnel lost their lives from acute radiation sickness. The environmental consequences were spread throughout the Soviet Union.Effects were also felt in parts of Europe and even across vast regions of the Northern Hemisphere (Angelo, 2004). The facts behind the detrimental effects caused by the Chernobyl nuclear reactor accidents pointed to gross design and operational defects(Evans, 1984). Such defects ar e not applicable to modern nuclear reactors that undergo rigorous and stringent compliance tests but the Chernobyl accident still drives popular misconceptions that emanate from nuclear neuroticism or radiation phobia as some psychologists prefer to refer to the misconception syndrome.However, issues about nuclear safety should not be stashed aside and the status quo in safety left to reign. Safety in nuclear energy production should be a continuous improvement exercise because radiologic accidents inflict profound psychosocial impacts on and across the societal strata. Emergency response and evacuation mechanisms are a prerequisite to any operating reactor plant. The trends of evacuation and health care care in the aftermath of a reactor accident is a determinant of the level of psychosocial impacts that will manifest in the society long after the accident. hugger-mugger evacuation, panic driven movements by the surrounding community and general public panic stimulate unwarrante d societal anxiety. It is these impacts that tend to propagate indecision on the level of safety a nuclear plant can attain(Foreman, 1970). Economically, nuclear energy production costs are comparatively lower when compared with other sources of energy. However, initial investment capital is enormous(Kursunoglu et al, 2000). The costs incurred in construction, monitoring, insurance and decommission are extremely high hence creating opposition to investments in nuclear power(Domenici, 2007).Because the efficiency of nuclear energy is not under any doubts, a broad based strategy program is essential to ameliorate the concerns about initial cost of investments, risks involved in energy production, waste disposal problems and the fear of proliferation of nuclear weapons. Conclusion Recent developments in the nuclear technology and the continuing threat of nuclear state of war has stimulated fresh intellectual debates on the benefits of nuclear technology to the existence of mankind.Eve n when used for civilian production of energy, nuclear technology conjures up a real threat to world peace the oldest wish for humanity since the onset of human civilization. Nuclear power is the most potent force for human decomposition and it gets even more scary when such a tool is placed is accessible for suicidal fanaticism. When used unwisely, it may prove to be a vitriolic weapon that is capable of trashing human civilizations and making real the undying fear of nuclear apocalypse.Regional nuclear warfare and nuclear nuclear terrorism can only be forestalled or completely eliminated when humanity works together for a common purpose that is beneficial to each and every head on the surface of this earth. Human beings have an innate responsibility to do all in their power as human beings to use nuclear technology to come up the cause of modern civilization in power generation, medicine, agriculture, research, industrial applications and space exploration.Nuclear power should be harnessed properly with the genuine cause of create a sustainable planetary civilization that spans beyond the ends of the earth into the uncharted territories of the solar system. Rigorous and stringent constraints, safety in design and construction and a global informed decision making is a prerequisite to nuclear power exploitation. References Angelo, A. Joseph. (2004). Nuclear Technology. p. 439-443 B. van der Zwaan. , Hill, C. R. , Mechelyncj, A. L. , Ripka, G. (Eds). (1999). Nuclear Energy Promise or peril? Conant, Melvin. (1979). Access to Energy 2000 and After. p. 85 Dell, Ronald. , Anthony, David. , Rand, James. (2004). Clean Energy. RSC Clean Technology Monographs. p. 68-76 Domenici, P. V. (2007).A Brighter Tomorrow Fulfilling the Promise of Nuclear Energy. p. 4 Evans, Nigel, Hope, Chris. (1984). Nuclear Power Futures, Costs and Benefits. p. 8, 151 Foreman, Harry. (1970). Nuclear Power and the Public. p. 209 Griffin, James, M. (2003). Global Climate Change The Science , Economics and Politics. p. 237 Kursunoglu, Behram, Stephan L. Mintz, Arnold Perlmutter. (2000). The Challenges to Nuclear Power in the Twenty-first Century. p. 94 Nersesian, L. Roy. (2007).Energy in the 21st Century A Comprehensive Guide to Conventional and Alternative Sources. p. 15-26 Pros and Cons of Nuclear Power. http//www. greenenergyhelpfiles. com/articles/20. htm Richardson, Mervyn. (1996). Risk Reduction Chemicals and Energy Into the 21st Century. p. 234-246 United States National Council of Energy. (2003). Energy and Transportation Challenges for the Chemical Sciences in the 21st Century. p. 49. National Research Council (U. S. ). Organizing Committee for the Workshop on Energy and Transportation, National Research Council (U. S. ), National Research Council

Tonight I Can Write Essay Example for Free

Tonight I Can Write EssayThe theme of distance is introduced in the opening contrast. When the speaker unit informs the reader, Tonight I can spell out the saddest draw offs, he suggests that he could not previously. We later learn that his overwhelming sorrow over a preoccupied lover has prevented him from writing about their relationship and its demise. The speakers constant juxtaposition of past and present illustrate his inability to come to terms with his present isolated state. Nerudas language here, as in the rest of the poem, is simple and to the point, suggesting the sincerity of the speakers emotions. The sense of distance is again addressed in the second and third lines as he notes the stars frisson in the distance. These lines also contain images of nature, which will become a central link to his memories and to his present state. The speaker contemplates the natural world, focusing on those aspects of it that remind him of his lost love and the cosmic nature of their relationship. He begins writing at night, a time when darkness will match his mood. The night sky filled with stars offers him no comfort since they are blue and shiver. Their distance from him reinforces the fact that he is alone. However, he can appreciate the night wind that sings as his verses will, describing the woman he loved. Lines 510 Neruda repeats the first line in the fifth and follows it with a declaration of the speakers love for an unnamed woman. The staggered repeats Neruda employs throughout the poem provide thematic unity. The speaker introduces the first detail of their relationship and points to a possible reason for its demise when he admits sometimes she loved me too. He then reminisces about being with her in nights like this one. The juxtaposition of nights from the past with this night reveals Lines 1114 In line eleven Neruda again repeats his opening line, which becomes a plaintive refrain. The repetition of that line shows how the speaker is str uggling to maintain distance, to convince himself that enough time has passed for him to have the strength to think about his lost love. But these lines are the saddest. He cannot yet escape the pain of remembering. It becomes almost unbearable to think that I do not have her.To feel that I have lost her. His devastation is reinforced by the immense night, still more immense without her. Yet the poetry that he creates helps replenish his soul, like dew to the pasture. Lines 1518 In line fifteen the speaker refuses to analyze their relationship. What is important to him is that the night is starry and she is not with me as she used to be on similar starry nights. This is all that is like a shot central to him. When the speaker hears someone singing in the distance and repeats in the distance, he reinforces the fact that he is alone.No one is singing to him. As a result, he admits my soul is not satisfied. Lines 1926 In these lines the speaker expresses his longing to reunite w ith his love. His sight and his heart try to follow her, but he notes, she is not with me. He again remembers that this night is so similar to the ones they shared together. Yet he understands that they are no longer the same. He declares that he no longer loves her, thats certain, in an effort to relieve his pain, and admits he loved her greatly in the past.Again linking their relationship to nature, he explains that he had tried to find the wind to touch her hearing but failed. Now he must face the fact that she will be anothers. He remembers her bright organic structure that he knows will be touched by another and her infinite eyes that will look upon a new lover. Lines 2732 The speaker reiterates, I no longer love her, thats certain, but immediately contradicts himself, uncovering his efforts at self deception when he admits, but maybe I love her. With a worldweary tone of resignation, he concludes, love is so short, forgetting is so long. His poem has become a painful exe rcise in forgetting. In line twenty-nine he explains that because this night is so similar to the nights in his memory when he held her in his arms, he cannot forget. Thus he repeats, my soul is not satisfied. In the final two lines, however, the speaker is determined to erase the memory of her and so ease his pain, insisting that his verses (this poem) will be the last verses that I write for her.

The World’s Most Misunderstood Breed of Dogs Essay Example for Free

The Worlds Most Misunderstood Breed of Dogs EssayWhen many masses search a colliery doodly-squat or the procreate is mentioned they instantly stereotype them as being competitive and monstrous beasts, this how forever is not the case as all note bulls have been breed over the years as fighting red hots. The owners have raised them to be extremely violent and attack separate dogs by treating them harshly and training them to do so at a young age. However, over the years people have wrongfully stereotyped score bulls because their owners have trained them to be violent. The only dogs that do are the ones that have been trained to do so by humans. The humans are the ones who have created this so called monstrous beast. Pit bulls are the worlds most misunderstood breed of dogs that have been wrongfully stereotyped against for many years. It is a myth that pit bulls are genetically driven to kill people. Dogs are not machines they are living organisms. Like all living orga nisms, a dogs behavior is influenced by both genetics and environment. How a dog owner manages his or her dog will determine whether the dog becomes a danger to humans.No dog is driven entirely by genetics to attack people, and no dog breed has been created or bred into such a state that all dogs of the breed are compelled to attack people. Dogs that are raised as beloved family pets do not kill people. This statement above fully describes how not all pit bulls are ravening and how if raised properly they are amazing dogs. This shows that pit bulls can be aggressive but that is only because they have been brought up in an environment that encouraged aggressive behavior and were rewarded for it by their owners. Also, according to American Temperament Test Society the American Pit bull Terrier has a truly high passing rate of 82.6%. This statistic shows that Pit bulls are good tempered dogs and are not all aggressive. The American Temperament Test Society also shows that the averag e passing rate is 77%. This means that Pit bulls are above average when it comes to temperament compared to many other breeds of dogs. This same source adds that Pit bulls are less likely to attack than a Rottweiler, German shepherd, or a Chow.This evidence shows that a Pit bull is no more aggressive than any other dog. Pit bulls have been given a bad reputation that they cannot seem to shake. This reputation has caused this type of dog to be banned in parts of the United States and across the country. It is sad knowing that there areother breeds of dogs that are just as likely to be aggressive and but Pit bulls have been stereotyped as the most aggressive breed of dogs. Many people have stereotyped the breed before they have ever encountered a Pit bull, I am actually guilty of this. Before I had ever come in contact with a pit bull I thought they were naturally aggressive dogs and boy was I wrong. My sisters boyfriend, Antonio, got a Pit bull and we all decided to name her last B ear. She is the sweetest dog ever and is in no way aggressive. I have two Golden Retrievers and when Antonio brings finis Bear over to play she is very slavish to one of my dogs, Bailey. I would say that Bailey is probably more aggressive than Coda Bear. Recently Coda Bear got out of her fenced yard and dog into a dog fight. And right now I am sure that most of you are thinking that Coda Bear started it, but this is not the case.Coda was attacked by another(prenominal) dog and didnt horizontal know how to defend herself. She ended up in the hospital and had bite marks all over her. The hospital automatically assumed that Coda had started the fight and told Antonio that his dog might have to be put down if they found that she was aggressive. After interacting with Coda at the hospital and doing an aggressive test on her the hospital found that Coda was in no way aggressive. When attacked by the other dog she did not attack back, she simply took the hatred until the attack was br oken up by Antonio. Coda Bear recovered quickly and is her perky happy self again that we all know and love. Whenever Coda sees someone she doesnt want to attack them she just wants to run up to them and lick their face till it is sopping wet from all her kissesMy experience with a Pit bull has proved to me that Pit bulls are loving dogs that have been wrongfully judged and stereotyped. Pit bulls were not born wanting to hurt or even kill any animal or person they were trained to do it. The owner created that aggressive dog, the dog did not choose to be this way. Many people simply forget this and automatically assume that the breed itself is aggressive, when it is really the owners who train them to be this way. Also many Pit bulls are being euthanized when taken to a shelter because they believe that they are aggressive dogs and that no one will want to adopt them. Pit bulls were originally known as nanny dogs because they were so great with kids and were very tolerant and loving. Since people began fighting Pit bulls they have lost this reputation. Hopefully they will get this reputation back because they truly be it they are wonderful dogs.

The Indonesian Tourism Industry Tourism Essay

The In dosian Tourism Industry Tourism EssayThe capital city of Indonesia, capital of Indonesia with a total populations of 9.6 million (BPS, 2012) with five atomic number 18as videlicet West, East, wedlock, South and primal, has positive economic maturement since layover 2000 to 2011, which mostly was sustained by the three weighty sectors such as (1) financial, real estate and origin services sector, (2) trade hotel and restaurant sector and (3) manufacturing sector. (BPS, 2012)The increasing of economic growth gives impacts to the tourism industry in Indonesia. In January 2011, the Culture and Tourism rector of Republic Indonesia announced the replacement of Visit Indonesia Year branding with Wonderful Indonesia as part of tourism ravel that expected to attract 7.7 million foreign tourers and generate $8.3 billion of revenue. Whereas 50% of this revenue go out be generated from meetings, convention and exhibitions that volition take place in various place in Indones ia. (The capital of Indonesia Post, 31st December 2010).Jakarta, where the central government, trade, services and industry are located at, makes Jakarta a destination for short letter travellers or as a government central meeting. In addition, with the completing facilities at JIExpo Kemayoran in North Jakarta, Jakarta Convention Center in Central Jakarta, Balai Kartini in South Jakarta, Semanggi Expo in South Jakarta, Jakarta willing become one of the tourism destination for MICE (Meeting, Incentive, Convention, and Exhibition) business. (Sarya, 2011, p.16) display panel 1.The statistic of number of international tourist arrival through gateAirportYear2008200920102011Soekarno Hatta,1,464,7171,390,4401,823,6361,933,022Ngurah Rai,2,081,7862,384,8192,546,0232,788,706Polonia,130,211148,193162,410192,650Sam Ratulangi21,79529,71520,22020,074Batam1,061,390951,3841,007,4461,161,581Juanda, Surabaya156,726158,076168,888185,815Adi Sumarmo19,02216,48922,35023,830Minangkabau,40,91151,00227,4 8230,585Others1,257,9391,193,6121,224,4891,311,468Amount6,234,4976,323,7307,002,9447,647,731Source Biro Pusat Statistik, 2012Table 1.1 shows that the international tourists who arrived through Jakartas world-wide Airport namely Soekarno Hatta, have increased grade to year which in 2011, it reached about 1.9 million. The total international tourists who came to Indonesia in 2011 have almost reached the target of the Culture and Tourism Minister to attract 7.7 million foreign tourists.Hotel IndustryFor some big countries like Jakarta, which has many business activities, hotel becomes one of the most productive income-producing properties (Internal selective information Colliers international Indonesia, 2012). there are four benefits from hotel industry for a country (Medlik Ingram, 2000, p.4), which are,In some areas, hotel as an attraction of visitor who bring put acrossing power and who tend to spend more money than they do when they are at home. This visitor spending power oft en gives big percentage to the economy revenue of a country. In Jakarta, hotel, trade and restaurant sector is one of legislate three sectors which give a biggest contribution in GDP for mostly historic period. From period 2009-2011, hotel, trade and restaurant sector has contributed 20% for DKI Jakartas GDP (Gross Domestic Product). (BPS, 2009 2011)In areas which receiving foreign visitors, hotels play big roles as foreigner currency earners which crowd out give big contribution to their countrys balance of payments. For countries which have sm all told possibilities of export may take hotels as their foreigner currency earners.Hotels can provide many job opportunities that this role is important for areas which have small number of sources of employment, where they contribute to regional development.Hotel can act as a medium to promo the products of former(a) industries. Mostly hotel are supplied with food, drink and other consumables which purchased from local anesthetic far mers, fishermen and other suppliers. Using local products in their services makes this hotel not only can contribute directly to their economy revenue to nation as a foreigner currency earners but also indirectly as an outlet to promote other local industries.Hotels may become social activity centres for local people and often their restaurants and other facilities can attract local custom.The positive macroeconomic growth encourages the positive growth of hotel supply in Jakarta, as a respond from hotel groups for the positive growth of room demand. Some hotel groups unfold their hotel chain by increasing their number of hotel, such as Tauzia (local chain) which its hotel management will develop 23 hotels until 2012, consist of 15 units Harris Hotel and 8 units of Pop Harris. Next, there is the Accor group (international chain based on France and the largest operator of hotels in Asia Pacific) plan to flip ones lid their network across Indonesia from 40 hotels in 2011 to 100 hot els by 2015.PT Surya Semesta Internusa Tbk (SSIA), who own and manages the 5-star Gran Melia Hotel Jakarta and Melia Hotel Bali, plans to expand its revenue in the hospitality trade by developing a budget hotel network in 2012.The increasing number of hotel for a budget hotel to a five stars hotel for period 2000 2011 are shown on the design 1.2, (from the period 2012 2015 are projection number),Source choose from data natural Colliers International Indonesia, 2012Figure1. The hotel supply in Jakarta by number of hotel from period 2000-2015Source Adopted from data internal Colliers International Indonesia, 2012Figure1. The hotel supply in Jakarta by number of room from period 2000-2015 base on the Figure 1.2, the supply of hotel since 2000-2011 are dominated by 5-star hotel and 4-star hotel, whereas until 2011 there were already 37 five-star hotel and 35 four-star hotel in Jakarta.These hotel groups which play in Jakarta hotel market consist of international and local brands. Some of international brands in Indonesia which the writer would like to mention are Holiday Inn, Sheraton, Four Seasons, Kempinksi, InterContinental, Hilton International, Ritz-Carlton and Mandarin Oriental. While the local brands also aggressively work to build their own chain, from Santika, Mulia and Sultan to the Sahid Group and many others.The Emerging of Budget Hotel in JakartaThe concept of Budget Hotel in Jakarta began to emerge in 2006, initiated by the Accor Group, France with the Hotel Formule1, which plans to build four other branch of this hotel in Bali, Semarang, Yogyakarta and Jakarta. Then fol minored by Santika Group with their Amaris Hotel that until 2012 having 22 Amaris hotel and planning to expand the chain by adding another 13 Amaris Hotel.Basically the key players in budget hotel market are hotel groups who already have established their star hotel chains, and because they can see the capableness market and demand of budget hotel, they add one line in their c hain for budget hotel. Some of the hotel groups are shown in Table 1. Hotel groups and their brand on star and budget hotel.Table 1. Hotel groups and their brand on star and budget hotelHotel GroupStar Hotel BrandBudget Hotel BrandAston InternationalAston Hotel (3 Star)Fave HotelAccor GroupGrand Mercure (4 star)Novotel (4 star)Pullman Hotel (5 star)Ibis Budget Hotel (previously Formule 1)Grahawita SantikaSantika Premiere (4 Star)Santika Hotel (3 Star)Amaris HotelTauzia Hotel ManagementHarris Hotel (4 Star)Pop HotelPT Intiland DevelopmentGrand Whiz (3 Star)Whiz HotelSource Adopted from data internal Colliers International, 2012Budget hotels are known for its low fare hotel (Barrows Powers, 2009, pp.273), where guests can experience staying at good quality hotel, with a low price. The guests pay only for what they use. This will result in not only cost efficiency for the costumer but also for the targetor.Based on Colliers International Indonesia data 2012, in year 2011 there are on ly 6 budget hotels in Jakarta, which are,Formule 1, Menteng by AccorAmaris Hotel, Panglima Polim by SantikaFormule 1, Cikini by AccorAmaris Mangga Dua Square by SantikaAmaris Soekarno Hatta, Cengkareng by SantikaAmaris Senen by SantikaIn the Figure 1.3 shows the total number of budget hotel in Jakarta since emerged in 2006 to 2012.Source Adopted from data internal Colliers International Indonesia, 2012Figure1. The number of budget hotel in Jakarta from period 2006-2012The Segment of Budget HotelThe main segment of budget hotel in Jakarta is business traveller. The high demand of business activities in Jakarta, which require low price accommodation with curb service, has encouraged budget hotel as a main preference for company in choosing their business accommodation. In addition, there is a shift work system among flowerpot when they will do expansion into a new area. In the era of the 1990s, to monitor or ensure the potential for business in area which newly initiated, the compan y usually sends a direct top management (Hari et al., June 2011, p.44). Since 2000s, with the improving economy and quality of human resources, the corporation began to delegate the task at middle management level (Hari et al., June 2011, p.44).In addition, by delegating tasks to the level of management, the costs will be cheaper than sending the top management. Those changes of pattern, then affect the travel business in Indonesia, from the emergence of low cost carrier (LCC) to the mushrooming budget hotel (limited service hotels) which only provide the basic call for of the guests the comfortable rooms for rest. Basically the potential of business traveler market in Jakarta is quite large, because of few reasons, which areThe improvement in all sectors and positive economic growth has big impact in the increasing of business activity in Jakarta. In their business activity, the businesses often do business solecism to out of town, even overseas. And as a central government, trad e, services and industry, Jakarta becomes one of the most destinations for business travellers in Indonesia.Based on data from Asia Pacific Business Traveller Research 2011 by Accor Group, the cost which spent for hotel accommodation for Indonesian business traveller is $92/night (2011, p.11), while the middling long stay is 2.08 day. (BPS, 2011)As the total business traveller in Indonesia in 2011 is about 90% of the total domestic tourist in Indonesia (Siahaan, 2012), because business travellers will be around 6.84 million in a year. Thus from this total of business travellers, there is about $1.3trillion of the total cost of the trip that flows into the hotel industry in 2011.Global financial crisis in 2008 had also triggered the corporation to cut their business travel budget. There are some strategies that they have done during 3 years after the crisis (2009-2011). Based on Ascend Corporate Travel Survey 2012, from 340 respondent of business travellers who based 43% Europe, 30 % North America and 17% Asia pacific, there is an increasing number of company which planning to change their choice of hotels to save money in 2011. Whereas this condition was encouraged budget hotel as a preference accommodation for company for business tripThe Industry of Budget Hotel in JakartaWhat becomes interesting from budget hotel market in Jakarta is how the supply and demand of budget hotel is significantly increasing in the short period of time. Many hotel groups or air lane groups expand their business to invest in budget hotel, by seeing the potential demand of this hotel. For instance, AirAsia Group, an airline company based on Malaysia, who became a pioneer of providing a budget airline (Low Cost Carrier, LLC), has also interested to make budget hotel with brand Tune Hotel. After first established in Malaysia in 2007, Tune Hotel has spread in 6 countries, such as Malaysia, Indonesia, England, Thailand, Filipina and Australia. In 2009, they launched two Tune Hotel i n Bali which is in Kuta and Seminyak and in 2013, they are planning to expand 13 Tune Hotels in Indonesia which will be in Jakarta, Bekasi, Surabaya, Pekanbaru, Makassar, Sola, Palembang, Tangerang and Bali (Kompas, 5th September 2012, p.19)In the Figure1. The growth in terms of number of rooms from period 2000-2012 below shows that budget hotels growth compared with 3, 4 and 5 star hotels in terms of number of rooms is rising significant since emerged in 2006.Source Adopted from data internal Colliers International Indonesia, 2012Figure1. The growth in terms of number of rooms from period 2000-2012The significant supply of budget hotel is a respond for significant demand from the market. It can be seen from the occupancy rate of budget hotel which is quite good better than 3 5 star hotels. The Figure1. The occupancy rate from 5-star hotel to budget hotel shows that only two years after budget hotel has emerged to the market, its occupancy rate is highly better than 3 5 star hotel s, even 5-star hotel has the lowest occupancy rate from 2000-2011.Source Adopted from data internal Colliers International Indonesia, 2012Figure1. The occupancy rate from 5-star hotel to budget hotelThe higher demand of budget hotel than 3, 4, 5 star hotels gives an idea that budget hotel probably has comfortable their client and could create their homage nodes who wants to do repeat purchases of their services. However, before reaching high guest satisfaction level and having loyalty customers, there are value that budget hotel should give to their customer. How customer value excogitation that budget hotel has done to their customer and how this value creation impacts their customer satisfaction and loyalty that ultimately will increase their demand level and how this customer value creation impacts to the hotel profitability that impact the supply level will be a purpose for this research. hassle IdentificationDue to the demand of budget hotel is higher than 3, 4, 5 star hot els, thus there is a sign that probably budget hotel has satisfied their customer that ultimately could create customer loyalty who wants to do repeat purchases of their services hotel. However, in order to satisfy their customer and create customer loyalty, they should give set to their customer.Therefore, the issue in this thesis is to analyse The Impact of Customer Value Creation on Budget Hotel towards Customer Satisfaction, Customer Loyalty and Hotel Profitability. There are four areas of research problem,What value creation that budget hotel has done towards its customers?What is the customer satisfaction level of budget hotel as an impact of customer value creation?What are the magisterial values in influencing customer satisfaction which will lead to create customer loyalty?How is the profitability level of budget hotel compared to 4 and 5 star hotel as an impact from customer satisfaction and customer loyalty?Research ObjectiveThe main purposes of this research paper areT o recognize and explain the customers value of budget hotelTo identify and explain of customer satisfaction of budget hotel as impacts of the customer value creationTo identify and explain the dominating value in influencing customer satisfaction level of budget hotel, which will lead to create customer loyaltyTo identify and explain the correlation in the midst of customer satisfaction and customer loyalty of budget hotelTo analyze the profitability level of budget hotel compared with 4 and 5 star hotel as an impact from customer satisfaction level and customer loyaltySignificant ResearchThe study is significant because it provides information which will be helpful for the readersThe study is significant in understanding the customer behavior and needs better.The study will address the issue of customer value creation to improve the customer satisfaction to create customer loyalty.The study may be useful for many interested parties, especiallyBudget hotel groups. They may use thi s research to support enhancement of customer satisfaction and relationshipStudents and internal parties of Swiss German University. This research can be used as a reference for lecturers and other students to conduct go on research.The researcher. The result of this research can be used to enrich my knowledge.Academics. The result of this research can be used to do further research in the same industry.Scope and Limitation of ThesisIn order that the study on this subject more focus, and to get the benefit from the study, therefore the study limited toThe value creation by budget hotel in Jakarta towards its customerThe impact of customer value creation on customer satisfaction and loyaltyThe impact of customer satisfaction and loyalty on profitability level of budget hotel compared with hotel industry.

Conflict Management And Dispute Resolution

involvement Management And Dispute ResolutionConflict rear end be delimit as a struggle which is emanates from different ideas, values and beliefs. Most of the time, misunderstanding and miscommunication among people cause strife. Furtherto a greater extent, involvement lies not in objective reality, neverthe little in peoples minds (Fisher, 1981). Disputes, on the another(prenominal) hand, be such issues that are less deep than contradict but still very important.As human beings evolve and their technology grows through time, their awareness expands and they take more responsibility for making their own finishs. This is especi altogethery true of soulfulnessal decisions. Humans want to be the wizards that drive decisions in their lives they do not want anyone else to decide on their behalf. and then, conflicts arise.Often, conflicts get along because people differ in their ways of thinking. Because of this, conflicts can make people look at fusss and issues not only from their perspectives but from others as well. Consequently, conflicts are not always negative they can also bring about new ideas. These new ideas can help people to change, which is useful because every social function in nature is changing in every moment.Conflict shows itself in every part of our lives. One of them can be the mercantile activities that play an important role in todays world. For example, conflict can arise in commercial squinchs. When this happens, the possibility of argufy arising is untold higher.In this essay, we exit discuss the conflict and challenge in commercial contracts and explain that whether or not they are inevitable. In addition, we allow compare and contrast the different methods for resolvings of difference of opinion in commercial contracts. Finally, we leave alone present an example of engagement and explain how to solve it.Section A Are conflicts and disputes inevitable on commercial projects?Conflict and dispute definitionsBefo re we can fancy whether or not conflict and disputes must be avoided, we must first define both terms and determine the differences between the twain. Conflict and dispute are two common terms. Although almosttimes they are interpreted as equal types, there are some differences that result be mentioned.ConflictFirst, we will discuss the definition of conflict. There survive many definitions of conflict (Foss, 1979 Gelles, 1978 Straus, 1978) cited by Straus (1979). Mary Parker (1925) states that we can summarize conflict in one word difference. A more comprehensive definition by Strauss (1979) suggests three distinctions conflict of interest, conflict, and hostility.Conflict of interestA conflict of interest itemor that each member of the group prefers to seek their own interest, which is often different from other people. In other words, they want to live out their own lives from others. fit in to Straus (1979), the relationship between the amount of conflict (conflict of in terest) and the well being of the group is curve linear. It means that existence of conflict can have a positivistic impact on the well being of group. However, if it exceeds more than the optimum occlusive, it would be detrimental.ConflictCoser (1956) uses conflict to refer to the means or behavior used to prosecute ones interest rather than conflict of interest, itself Straus (1979). tally to Straus (1979), conflict means tactics which are used by a person in the response to the conflict of interests.HostilityHostility occurs when feeling of dislike takes a place of sympathy among the members of the group. Often this feature is also named as conflict but in problem of this idea, there exists some conflict theories that believe that hostility will not appear if conflict exists. This is because it can protect people from getting hostile in a way that can express their point of views and interests and do not let anyone to force them. Consequently, the author considers hostility as a negative fact in groups.Conflict exists in every part of our lives such as commercial activities. Contrary to popular belief, commercial conflict is important to a countrys economy. Dorussen (2006) reason out that trade in some commodities will have a strong impact on conflict in comparing with other goods. The reason for this fact is that some commodities have much more significant important on the security of states than others. Recently oil industries as well as high tech ones, have the importance impact though. And also (Park, 1976 Abolfathi, 1976 Ward, 1976 Polachek, 1980) cited by Dorussen (2006) have reached to the conclusion that when the amount of trading oil increases, the exporting country will become more hostile toward oil importers.There exists three ways of dealing with conflict domination, compromise and integration (Parker, 1925). First, domination arises from victory of one party to another one. Second, compromise means to get along with each other to settle peace. In this case, one side loses something and gets something in order to agree to end up the conflict. agree to Parker (1925), compromise is the basis of trade union tactics, in collective dicker, the trade unionist asks for more than he expects to get, allows for what is going to be lopped off in the conference. Thus we often do not know what he really thinks he should have, and this ignorance is a great barrier to dealing with conflict fruitfully. Third, integration is when two soften decide to integrate with each other. This is the most efficient way of dealing with conflict. There is no need to sacrifice, and both parties will benefit from each other and become satisfied.DisputeThe distinction that is made by Burton (1993) cited by Fenn (2006) between conflict and dispute, is based on two parameters time and content. He considers disputes as oblivious term disagreements which can be solved easily. On the other hand, conflicts are deep-rooted, long term problems which nee d much effort to be solved. These types of disagreements can occur independently and, in some cases, dispute can exist inside the long term conflict.Are conflict and dispute inevitable?Considering the evidence presented above, conflict and dispute differ from each other. They both can occur and deserve our consideration. In this section, we will discuss how conflicts are inevitable and how disputes can be avoided.According to Parker (1925), conflict exists in the world which we are living. Instead of ignoring its existence, it is punter to find a way to embrace it. We can change the unpleasant situation in a way that benefit from. Conflict is one of the issues that is better to be accepted and get advantage of it. In some cases, dispute can exist inside the long term conflict Burton (1993).The school of western thought believes that conflict is part of dynamic capitalism and an integral part of commercialism (Fenn, 2006). If conflict cannot be managed properly, dispute may rise. In other words, in contrast with conflict, dispute can be avoided. Therefore these two areas should be considered First, conflict concern or dispute avoidance and second, dispute resolutions.Some conflict theorists believed that conflict is an inevitable part of human beings life and without the changes which are caused by conflict, the risk of cut off among the social groups such as academic departments, or family will get higher (Adams, 1965 Coser, 1956 Dahrendorf, 1959 Scanzoni, 1972 Simmel, 1955 Sprey, 1969) cited by Straus (1979). If conflict fades away, there will be no apply to adapt to changed circumstances and therefore hostility will arise. Conflict is defined as a process that arises when group of people or a person believes that other groups or other people are thinking frustrating (McKenna, 2006) and Fisher (1981) has defined that everybody has different perception and different way of thinking. By analyzing theses two theories, we can understand that conflict is inevit able because people are different.Suggestions to prevent disputeRegarding to this section, we can conclude that conflict is inevitable. If we cannot manage conflict properly, dispute will arise. Disputes are caused by conflicts and sometimes they exist inside long term conflicts. (Burton 1993) the same story exists in commercial contracts and because they are important facts, there are some suggestion on how to manage conflict and consequently avoid disputes.By reviewing dispute resolution guidance published by office of giving medication (United Kingdom) commerce (OGC, 2002) we can understand that contractual disputes can destroy the relationships between the client and supplier. In some cases, they have been spends lots of time to build it. Thus, this material body of dispute is time consuming and expensive.One of the roles of government is to emphasize on the importance of the good relationships between both parties of a commercial trade or the client and suppliers. There are t hree facts that are advised by OGC (2002) to prevent dispute in commercial contracts1. Stating the expectations and intentions at the beginning of the contract. Everything must be clear. Besides, dispute resolutions which both parties agree to provide in the time of dispute, should be mentioned.2. Managing the contract is one of the most important facts that should be paid attention during having the contract. both parties should be aware of any kind of disputes that may occur. Try to find the sign of dispute before it arises.3. Considering the importance of managing the contract which is near to be expired, is one of the significant things that both parties must learn.Section B Compare and contrast of dispute resolution techniquesDispute resolution methodsIt has been concluded that conflict is inevitable but dispute can be avoided in commercial contracts. Although it can be avoided, there still some probability of happening. Therefore here are dispute resolution methods which can be used in commercial contracts.ADR is an alternative dispute resolutions .It does not mean the same to all the people. In Europe and much of the rest of the world it connects to those resolutions that exclude arbitrement and litigation. On the other hand, in the Unites States, ADR conclude arbitrament (Moses ,2008).NegotiationNegotiation is a common way of dispute resolution which both parties try to solve their problems without the need of others (OGC, 2002).MediationMediation is a nonbinding and confidential process (Moses, 2008). In this kind of resolution, the third party will meet each party privately and express their point of views to each other. Mediation sometimes known as an interest based affair whereas arbitration is the right based procedure.AdjudicationAdjudication is a quick and relatively inexpensive way of resolving a dispute, whereby an impartial third party adjudicator decides the issues between the parties. It will to the highest degree certainly be quicker a nd less expensive than arbitration or litigation. Section 108 of the Housing Grants, Construction and Regeneration Act (1996 ) gives the right to parties to virtually all social system contracts to refer any dispute arising under the contract to adjudication at any time. If the contract does not contain any adjudication procedure, or it does but the procedure does not comply with the Act, then before you can refer a dispute to adjudication you need to make sure that the contract is a construction contract as defined by the Act(Construction Umbrella Bodies Adjudication Task Group,2003).LitigationLitigation is a formal process which is a binding and non confidential procedure, which is held in the civil courts (Moses, 2008).ArbitrationArbitration is a formal and nonbinding (sometimes binding) dispute resolution .where the third party exists to make the final decision for two other parties (Moses, 2008).Choosing a resolution methodBy comparing the dispute resolutions that discussed be fore Mediation is not a binding resolution.-litigation is not a confidential resolution. Adjudication is a resolution that has some limitations. (Not being useful for all kinds of contracts as discussed in the previous part).These days, in many commercial contracts, parties choose arbitration as the default dispute resolution. As they got clear vision about the courts and their actions, they preferred to rely on the courts to solve their commercial disputes Because of its confidentiality, and also in some case the need to inhabit their relationships. (Fenn, 2006).In Mentschikoff (1961) idea, the reasons that why we use arbitration in commercial groups are speed, lower expense, more expert decision, and greater privacy.According Moses (2008), there exist two principal(prenominal) reasons that why commercial parties choose arbitration as a dispute resolution. First, the forum is neutral. it means that it is possible to stay out of the other partys court. Second, the parties which ar e include in 140 countries that are under the control of New York convention must obey the award that comes out of the arbitration and that is the reason that we mentioned before that arbitration is sometimes a binding process.As Charles Newton Hulvey(1929) mentions ,there are 2 classification of agreements to arbitrate in commercial disputes.1agreements to retributive submit existing commercial disputes.2agreements to submit all commercial disputes including those will may occur in future.Arbitration has more advantages (Moses, 2008).One of the important advantages of arbitration is its confidentiality. Besides, parties choose arbitration because they can freely choose the arbitrator. Another advantage is that the discovery fact is less in arbitration therefore it takes shorter to get to the conclusion.One of the points of arbitration in the past was that it was less expensive in compared with litigation. Many companies do not think that it is the advantage any more.Buhring-uhle ( 2005) cited by Moses (2008), mentionedmore than half (51%) of the respondents thought that the cost advantage did not exist. However with considering all the facts, parties tend to choose arbitration because of its advantages and it still worth the cost.Besides the advantages, Arbitration has some disadvantages as well. If the advantage of fewer discoveries can be viewed from different point, it would become a disadvantage. Especially for those kind of disputes which need much more discovery and are extended. Fewer discoveries mean here less panorama for the claimant.Moreover, in arbitration there is lack of requesting multiple appeals. This can be considered as a disadvantage when the arbitrator has made a wrong decision it would be frustrating to a party to accept this award with lack of ability to have an appeal.To wrap up, we got to the conclusion that, although we can prevent dispute in commercial contracts with some methods, it can be take place in some situations. Knowing ho w to deal with commercial disputes is important and one of the significant methods in dispute resolution is arbitration.Section C Example of useOne of the dispute resolution methods is negotiating. Positional bargaining is a duologue method in which each party only focuses on what they want, and dont pay attention to hidden interests. According to Fisher and Ury (1981), there are three trends through positional bargaining in the conflict resolutions between parties Hard, Soft, and Principled Negotiation.Principled negotiation is suggested to parties to get better results more amicably. This method is separated into four parts (Fisher and Ury, 1981)1. People separate the people from the problem.2. Interests focus on interests not positions.3. Options generate a variety of possibilities before deciding what to do.4. Criteria insist that the result be based on some objective standards.In order to understand principled negotiation, we will review a fictional case study below. By revie wing this case, we can understand better how to use the stages of principled negotiation.Note The following case study was created based on a true past experience of an employee in a construction company. Some details and events were modified to fit with the goals of this essay. Please note that the case study is written in the first person.In April 2009, I was operative as a civil engineer in one of the building construction companies in Iran. One day something strange happened to me. While I was dieing in the construction site, a woman came to the site and asked me whether I could help her to find the project manager. I showed his room and told her that she was lucky that she came that day, because the project manager was not in a meeting. I brought her in the room and stayed along to introduce her to the project manager. The woman then proceeded to explain that she was one of the customers that had bought one of the apartments in advance. She wondered if she could get her apar tment earlier than the specified time. She wanted the project manager to finish her apartment earlier. (It was possible but a somewhat costly).The project manager, instead of listening carefully to her, just said no. She repeated her request once more and the project manager interrupted her and saidNo it is completely impossible. The woman replied You do not even pay attention to me. Why dont you listen to me to solve the problem? He answered Because it is impossible. We have never through such a thing in our projects.When I saw this, I immediately thought that there was a problem with the project managers behavior he didnt separate the people from the problem (Stage 1 of Principled Negotiation). In fact, he was very hard on the woman and did not even spend time to get the problem.After a 10 minute discussion, he listened completely to her. At last he saidIt is impossible because we cannot finish constructing one apartment completely and then working on other flats it is too costly for us. When he said this, he forgot that he should have focused on interests instead of positions (Stage 2). It would be better if he listened to her and paid attention and instead of not listening. If he did, he could tell her the issues and also asked her if she had solution to solve the problem.After few minutes, the client said you just say it is impossible. What if I pay all the additional costs? The project manager just kept sayingit is impossible and against the rules. We have never done such a thing in construction projects.In this stage, the project manager should have known that, he could invent options for mutual gain (Stage 3). He could have thought more about her suggestion and also presented his own suggestions. He also could not reach to the final stage of principled negotiation which is invent options for mutual gain (Stage 4).The woman got frustrated and without saying good bye went out of the room.After a week I understood that we should work harder to complete that apartment earlier. It was the order of the board manager. He told the project manager she is one of our best clients that we get so many benefits from her. If we keep her satisfied, that would be point for us in future projects.The project manager somehow got shamed. Because he did not know how to negotiate properly with her and actually if he had done so, he would have got benefit from the good negotiation by getting the money that the woman has suggested and spent it in the project.To conclude, as far as the conflict is inevitable, lettered how to negotiate properly is an advantage that only some people have. Principled negotiation is the best way that everybody can use and get benefit from the negotiation and conflict.

Conflict and Harmony in The Tempest Essay -- Tempest essays

Conflict and Harmony in The violent storm William Shakespeare describes a utopic world saturated with supernatural images and ideas which works to create the mysterious island where The Tempest harbours place. This is unity of Shakespeares best examples of how a natural harmony reveals itself through the actions of discourse and confusion. To illustrate this idea best one must examine the historical context upon which The Tempest is based. Because this play was published in the early 1600s, controversial cultural and political events undoubtedly surface. Furthermore, by analyzing the sub-plots in the play, the reader has a better understanding of Shakespeares mark for including multi-plots, which is to create conflicts that all have a different context but coexist to create a more natural harmony. Finally, one must differentiate that the moral conflict that characters face in The Tempest is crucial in understanding the harmony that is created. For example, it is important to realize that although the play ends with reconciliation for most of the characters, it does not have the same effect on all of the characters. Therefore, by examining the effects of the historical context, the inclusion of sub-plots, and the importance of moral conflict the reader may take a more comprehensive approach in understanding how Shakespeare finds a harmonious closure in The Tempest. In 1623, The Tempest made its debut in Shakespeares First Folio of works (Hirst 36). Historically, this play is different from Shakespeares later plays in that he divides it into acts and scenes and leaves the island nameless (Hirst 36). In other plays such as Twelfth dark and Merchant of Venice, where the same natural harmony is ultimately c... ... F. (Ed.) Shakespeare Modern Essays in Criticism. forward-looking York Oxford, 1957. Hatch, James V. Black Theater, U.S.A. 45 Plays by Black Americans, 1847-1974. New York The kick Press, 1974. Hay, Samuel A. African American Theatre An Hist orical and Critical Analysis. New York Cambridge University Press, 1994. Hill, Errol (ed). The Theatre of Black Americans A Collection of Critical Essays. New York Applause Theatre track record Publishers, 1987. Hill, Errol. Shakespeare in Sable A History of Black Shakespearean Actors. Amherst The University of Massachusetts Press, 1984. Marshal, Herbert and Mildred Stock. Ira Aldridge The Negro Tragedian. Rockcliff London, 1958. Hirst, David. Notes on The Tempest. London Ginn, 1969. Vaughan, Alden T. and Virginia Mason Vaughan. Shakespeares Caliban A Cultural History. New York Cambridge, 1991.

Write a Letter Requesting a Donation :: Donation Letter Security Safety

October 1, 2002To Customer ListCustomer Address parameter 2Customer Address Line 3Customer Address Line 4Dear Customer NameWill You Join Me In Protecting Our Community?I am sending this to you as a fellow member of the Rolling Acres confederacy. Im sure that you value living in a quiet and peaceful neighborhood, just like I do. You know, sometimes in order to keep ones community quiet and peaceful one has to tackle action. Thats what this letter is all about - taking action - community action. By now, via media reports and word of mouth you must be aw atomic number 18 of the significant increase in house break-ins in this neighborhood all over the past pit of years. In fact, the break-in rate has more than doubled over the past three years. According to the police this is just a sign of the times changing as the economic downturn continues and local businesses and factories continue to close their doors for good. As you may know, a local Community Action Committee has been meet ing over the past four months to try and find ways to reduce the break-in rate in Rolling Acres. Last week they released their recommendations on how to best scrap the problem. Their primary recommendation calls for increased police and protective cover measures patrols to supplement the local Neighborhood Watch program. They estimate that the extra cost to double nighttime (after dark) security patrols by Security Inc. will be in the range of $14,000 to $19,000 per year. Unfortunately, this amount is not included in this years municipal budget allocation and there are no additional funds available to us. Therefore, as a concerned member of this community I have decided that my business will take the lead in assisting with this years security control budget. Accordingly, Bubbass Hardare will donate $1 for every $2 raised in the community to cover the additional security costs. I urge you to join me today in supporting this worthy cause for the common good of our community.